Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird

Common name: Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird
Scientific name: Chrysuronia lilliae
Clades: Trochilini - Emeralds

A shimmering coastal specialist, the Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird is an endangered and endemic species found only in the mangroves and scrublands of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. Measuring 8.5 to 9.5 cm (3.3 to 3.7 in) and weighing 4 to 4.5 grams (0.14 to 0.16 oz), it is one of the most localized hummingbirds in South America, known for its vivid sapphire-blue belly and critical dependence on vanishing coastal ecosystems.

Male Description:
The male is luminous, with brilliant sapphire-blue underparts, metallic green upperparts, and a bluish-violet forehead. The tail is bronze-green with a slight notch. A straight black bill allows precise feeding on mangrove blossoms, making this species visually striking and ecologically specialized.

Female Description:
Females are paler overall, with duller green upperparts and less intense blue on the underparts. The tail is shorter, with less bronze tone, and the underparts may exhibit a light bluish or grayish wash. Her structure and feeding behavior mirror that of the male.

Habitat & Behavior:
This species is found in coastal mangroves, scrub, and forest edge, especially where freshwater meets brackish wetland systems. It feeds on nectar from mangrove and coastal flora, and supplements with small insects. It often forages low in the canopy or at mid-level shrubs.

Conservation Note:
With an extremely limited range and declining habitat, the Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird is classified as Endangered by the IUCN. Threats include mangrove deforestation, pollution, and coastal development. Conservation in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, including the restoration and protection of mangrove ecosystems, is essential for the survival of this species.