There are 152 unique endemic species/subspecies. Updated 5/18/2025

What is the meaning of “Endemic”? The term refers to species uniquely found in a specific geographic region and cannot be located anywhere else in the world. These extraordinary hummingbirds, with their vibrant colors and distinctive physical characteristics, showcase remarkable adaptability, thriving in diverse environments that can be found throughout their country. While some of these species have a limited range, there are even instances of micro endemics, which means their range is even smaller and more restricted! Their specialized nature illustrates the incredible biodiversity within these unique habitats, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts to protect these remarkable ecosystems and their species.

The Bahamas is home to 4 species of hummingbirds, 2 of which are considered endemic.

Full speices that are endemic:

  1. Brace's emerald, Riccordia bracei (EX)

  2. Inagua woodstar, Nesophlox lyrura (LC)

Bolivia is home to 60 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 3 of which are endemic.

Full speices that are endemic:

  1. Black-hooded sunbeam, Aglaeactis pamela (LC)

  2. Coppery thorntail, Discosura letitiae (EX)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Violet-throated Starfrontlet (Bolivian), Coeligena violifer violifer, Subspecies, (LC)

Brazil is home to 87 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 18 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Brazilian ruby, Clytolaema rubricauda (LC)

  2. Broad-tipped hermit, Anopetia gounellei (LC)

  3. Diamantina sabrewing, Campylopterus diamantinensi (NT)

  4. Dusky-throated hermit, Phaethornis squalidus (LC)

  5. Festive coquette, Lophornis chalybeus (LC)

  6. Frilled coquette, Lophornis magnificus (LC)

  7. Green-crowned plovercrest, Stephanoxis lalandi (LC)

  8. Hooded visorbearer, Augastes lumachella (NT)

  9. Hook-billed hermit, Glaucis dohrnii (VU)

  10. Hyacinth visorbearer, Augastes scutatus (LC)

  11. Long-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania watertonii (EN)

  12. Minute hermit, Phaethornis idaliae (LC)

  13. Outcrop sabrewing, Campylopterus calcirupicola (VU)

  14. Saw-billed hermit, Ramphodon naevius (LC)

  15. Sombre hummingbird, Eupetomena cirrochloris (LC)

  16. Stripe-breasted starthroat, Heliomaster squamosus (LC)

  17. Tapajos hermit, Phaethornis aethopygus (VU)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Straight-billed hermit (major) / Ash-bellied hermit, Phaethornis bourcieri major, Subspecies (LC)

Chile is home to 10 species of hummingbirds, 2 of which are considered endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Chilean woodstar, Eulidia yarrellii (CR)

  2. Juan Fernandez firecrown, Sephanoides fernandensis (CR)

Colombia is home to the largest 142 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 24 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Black inca, Coeligena prunellei (VU)

  2. Black-backed thornbill, Ramphomicron dorsale (NT)

  3. Blue-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon cyanolaemus (EN)

  4. Buffy helmetcrest, Oxypogon stuebelii (VU)

  5. Chestnut-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia castaneiventris (NT)

  6. Chiribiquete emerald, Chlorostilbon olivaresi (LC)

  7. Colorful puffleg, Eriocnemis mirabilis (EN)

  8. Dusky starfrontlet / Glittering starfrontlet, Coeligena orina (EN)

  9. Golden-bellied starfrontlet, Coeligena bonapartei (LC)

  10. Gorgeted puffleg, Eriocnemis isabellae (CR)

  11. Green-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon guerinii (LC)

  12. Indigo-capped hummingbird, Amazilia cyanifrons (LC)

  13. Santa Marta blossomcrown, Anthocephala floriceps (VU)

  14. Santa Marta sabrewing, Campylopterus phainopeplus (CR)

  15. Santa Marta woodstar, Chaetocercus astreans (LC)

  16. Sapphire-bellied hummingbird, Chrysuronia lilliae (EN)

  17. Tolima blossomcrown, Anthocephala berlepschi (VU)

  18. White-tailed starfrontlet, Coeligena phalerata (NT)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Green-breasted Mango, Anthracothorax prevostii hendersoni, Subspecies (LC)

  2. Green Hermit, Phaethornis guy emiliae, Subspecies (LC)

  3. Long-billed Hermit (Central American), Phaethornis longirostris susurrus, Subspecies (LC)

  4. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Rufous-tailed), Amazilia tzacatl brehmi, Subspecies (LC)

  5. Sapphire-throated Hummingbird, Chrysuronia coeruleogularis coelina, Subspecies (LC)

  6. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird (Cuvier's), Phaeochroa cuvierii berlepschi, Subspecies (LC)

Costa Rica is home to 53 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 10 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Coppery-headed emerald, Microchera cupreiceps (LC)

  2. Mangrove hummingbird, Chrysuronia boucardi (EN)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Blue-tailed Hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanura impatiens, Subspecies (LC)

  2. Canivet's Emerald, Cynanthus canivetii salvini. Subspecies (LC)

  3. Fiery-throated Hummingbird, Panterpe insignis eisenmanni, Subspecies (LC)

  4. Purple-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis calolaemus calolaemus, Subspecies (LC)

  5. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird (Cuvier's), Phaeochroa cuvierii maculicauda, Subspecies (LC)

  6. Volcano Hummingbird (Purple-throated), Selasphorus flammula flammula, Subspecies (LC)

  7. Volcano Hummingbird (Rose-throated), Selasphorus flammula simoni, Subspecies (LC)

  8. White-throated mountain-gem (Grey-tailed) / Grey-tailed mountain-gem, Lampornis castaneoventris cinereicauda, Subspecies (LC)

Cuba is home to 2 unique species of hummingbirds. 1 is endemic to the island, that holds the title of the world’s smallest bird. This tiny creature has chosen to make its nest and thrive in the vibrant ecosystems found throughout Cuba, further enriching the diverse avian population of this beautiful nation.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Bee hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae (NT)

Dominica and Martinique is home to 4 species of hummingbirds, 1 of which are considered endemic to the Lesser Antilles,

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Blue-headed Hummingbird, Riccordia bicolor

The Dominican Republic is home to 3 species of hummingbirds, 2 of which are considered endemic to Hispaniola Island.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Hispaniolan emerald, Riccorda swainsonii (LC)

  2. Hispaniolan mango, Anthracothorax dominicus (LC)

Ecuador is home to 102 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 6 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Black-breasted Puffleg, Eriocnemis nigrivestis (EN)

  2. Blue-throated Hillstar, Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus (CR)

  3. Esmeraldas Woodstar, Chaetocercus berlepschi (VU)

  4. Turquoise-throated Puffleg, Eriocnemis godini (CR)

  5. Violet-throated Metaltail, Metallura baroni (VU)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Sapphire-vented Puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani baptistae Subspecies (LC)

El Salvador is home to 20 species of hummingbirds, 1 of which is considered endemic.

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Green-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis viridipallens nubivagus, Subspecies (LC)

Honduras is home to 40 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 2 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Honduran emerald, Amazilia luciae (VU)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem (Amethyst-throated), Lampornis amethystinus nobilis, Subspecies (LC)

Jamaica is home to a total of 4 distinct species of hummingbirds, 3 of which are considered endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Black-billed streamertail, Trochilus scitulus (LC)

  2. Jamaican mango, Anthracothorax mango (LC)

  3. Red-billed streamertail, Trochilus polytmus (LC)

Mexico is home to an impressive 59 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 37 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Beautiful hummingbird, Calothorax pulcher (LC)

  2. Blue-capped hummingbird / Oaxaca hummingbird, Eupherusa cyanophrys (EN)

  3. Bumblebee hummingbird, Selasphorus heloisa (LC)

  4. Cozumel emerald, Cynanthus forficatus (LC)

  5. Dusky hummingbird, Phaeoptila sordida (LC)

  6. Golden-crowned emerald, Cynanthus auriceps (LC)

  7. Green-fronted hummingbird, Leucolia viridifrons (LC)

  8. Mexican hermit, Phaethornis mexicanus (LC)

  9. Mexican sheartail, Doricha eliza (NT)

  10. Mexican woodnymph, Eupherusa ridgwayi (VU)

  11. Short-crested coquette, Lophornis brachylophus (CR)

  12. Tres Marias Hummingbird, Cynanthus lawrencei (NT)

  13. Turquoise-crowned hummingbird, Cynanthus doubledayi (LC)

  14. White-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa poliocerca (NT)

  15. Xantus's hummingbird, Basilinna xantusii (LC)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem (Amethyst-throated), Lampornis amethystinus amethystinus, Subspecies (LC)

  2. Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem (Amethyst-throated), Lampornis amethystinus circumventus, Subspecies (LC)

  3. Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem (Amethyst-throated), Lampornis amethystinus salvini, Subspecies (LC)

  4. Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem (Violet-throated), Lampornis amethystinus margaritae, Subspecies (LC)

  5. Berylline Hummingbird (Northern), Saucerottia beryllina beryllina, Subspecies (LC)

  6. Berylline Hummingbird (Sumichrast's), Saucerottia beryllina lichtensteini, Subspecies (LC)

  7. Berylline Hummingbird (Sumichrast's), Saucerottia beryllina sumichrasti, Subspecies (LC)

  8. Blue-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis clemenciae clemenciae, Subspecies (LC)

  9. Broad-billed Hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris latirostris, Subspecies (LC)

  10. Broad-billed Hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris propinquus, Subspecies (LC)

  11. Buff-bellied Hummingbird (Northern), Amazilia yucatanensis cerviniventris, Subspecies (LC)

  12. Cinnamon Hummingbird (Tres Marias Is.), Amazilia rutila graysoni, Subspecies (LC)

  13. Cinnamon Hummingbird (Mainland), Amazilia rutila diluta, Subspecies (LC)

  14. Cinnamon Hummingbird (Mainland), Amazilia rutila corallirostris, Subspecies (LC)

  15. Cinnamon Hummingbird (Mainland), Amazilia rutila rutila, Subspecies (LC)

  16. Green-throated Mountain-gem, Lampornis viridipallens amadoni, Subspecies (LC)

  17. Plain-capped Starthroat, Heliomaster constantii pinicola, Subspecies (LC)

  18. Stripe-tailed Hummingbird, upherusa eximia nelsoni, Subspecies (LC)

  19. Violet-crowned Hummingbird, Ramosomyia violiceps violiceps, Subspecies (LC)

  20. Wedge-tailed Sabrewing (Curve-winged), Pampa curvipennis curvipennis, Subspecies (LC)

  21. Wedge-tailed Sabrewing (Long-tailed), Pampa curvipennis excellens, Subspecies (LC)

  22. White-bellied Emerald, Chlorestes candida genini, Subspecies (LC)

Panama is home to 57 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 6 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Glow-throated Hummingbird, Selasphorus ardens (EN)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird (Cuvier's), Phaeochroa cuvierii cuvierii, Subspecies (LC)

  2. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird (Cuvier's), Phaeochroa cuvierii furvescens, Subspecies (LC)

  3. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird (Cuvier's), Phaeochroa cuvierii saturatior, Subspecies (LC)

  4. Snowcap, Microchera albocoronata albocoronata, Subspecies (LC)

  5. White-throated Mountain-gem (Blue-tailed) / Blue-tailed Mountain-gem, Lampornis castaneoventris castaneoventris Subspecies (NT)

Peru is home to 112 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 20 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Black metaltail, Metallura phoebe (LC)

  2. Black-breasted hillstar, Oreotrochilus melanogaster (LC)

  3. Bronze-tailed comet, Polyonymus caroli (LC)

  4. Coppery metaltail, Metallura theresiae (LC)

  5. Fire-throated metaltail, Metallura eupogon (LC)

  6. Gray-bellied comet, Taphrolesbia griseiventris (EN)

  7. Green-and-white hummingbird, Elliotomyia viridicauda (LC)

  8. Koepcke's hermit, Phaethornis koepckeae (LC)

  9. Marvelous spatuletail, Loddigesia mirabilis (NT)

  10. Peruvian piedtail, Phlogophilus harterti (LC)

  11. Purple-backed sunbeam, Aglaeactis aliciae (VU)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Bearded mountaineer, Oreonympha nobilis, 2 subspecies (LC)

  2. Black-throated brilliant (Black-breasted) / Black-breasted brilliant, Heliodoxa schreibersii whitelyana, Subspecies (LC)

  3. Collared inca (Vilcabamba), Coeligena torquata eisenmanni, Subspecies (LC)

  4. Sapphire-vented puffleg (Coppery-naped) / Coppery-naped puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani sapphiropygia/catharina, 2 subspecies (LC)

  5. Violet-throated starfrontlet, Coeligena violifer, 3 subspecies (LC)

  6. Violet-throated starfrontlet (Apurimac) / Apurimac starfrontlet, Coeligena violifer albicaudata, Subspecies (LC)

  7. Violet-throated starfrontlet (Cuzco), Coeligena violifer osculans, Subspecies (LC)

  8. Violet-throated starfrontlet (Huanuco), / Huanuco Starfrontlet Coeligena violifer dichroura, Subspecies (LC)

  9. White-tufted sunbeam, Aglaeactis castelnaudii, 2 subspecies (NT)

Puerto Rico is home to 10 species of hummingbirds, 2 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Green mango, Anthracothorax viridis (LC)

  2. Puerto Rican emerald, Riccordia maugaeus (LC)

Trinidad and Tobago is home to 20 species of hummingbirds, 1 of which is endemic to Tobago.

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. White-necked Jacobin, Florisuga mellivora flabellifera, Subspecies (LC)

United States is home to 17 species of hummingbirds, 1 of which is endemic to California.

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Allen's Hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin sedentarius, Subspecies (LC)

Venezuela is home to 110 species of hummingbirds. With a combination of full and subspecies, 10 of which are endemic.

Full species that are endemic:

  1. Green-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon alice (LC)

  2. Merida starfrontlet, Coeligena eos (LC)

  3. Merida sunangel, Heliangelus spencei (LC)

  4. Scissor-tailed hummingbird, Hylonympha macrocerca (EN)

  5. Venezuelan sylph, Aglaiocercus berlepschi (VU)

  6. White-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon lindenii (LC)

Subspecies that are endemic:

  1. Crowned Woodnymph (Colombian Violet-crowned), Thalurania colombica rostrifera, Subspecies (LC)

  2. Band-tailed Barbthroat, Threnetes ruckeri venezuelensis, Subspecies (LC)

  3. Sapphire-vented puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani meridae, Subspecies (EX)

  4. Stripe-throated hermit, Phaethornis striigularis ignobilis, Subspecies (LC)