White-tailed Emerald
White-tailed Emerald (Microchera chionura)
Name Origin:
The genus name Microchera comes from Greek mikros meaning "small" and khera meaning "widow," though the exact etymology is unclear. The species epithet chionura combines Greek chion (snow) and oura (tail), referring to its distinct white tail.
Quick Facts
π―¦ Length: 8β9 cm (3.1β3.5 in)
βοΈ Weight: ~3.5 g (0.12 oz)
π Range: Pacific slope of southern Costa Rica and western Panama
ποΈ Elevation: 600β1,600 m (1,970β5,250 ft)
πΊ Diet: Nectar and small arthropods
π‘ Habitat: Wet and moist foothill forests, forest edges, and adjacent gardens
𧬠Clade: Trochilini βEmeraldsβ
π Status: Least Concern (IUCN 2024)
Subspecies & Distribution
This species is monotypic; no recognized subspecies.
Species Overview
The White-tailed Emerald is a small, dazzling hummingbird confined to a narrow range on the Pacific slopes of southern Central America. It is often seen flitting through mid-level forest and edge habitats, where it seeks nectar from various flowers and actively defends rich feeding territories.
Male Description:
The male has glittering green upperparts and underparts, with a clean white undertail and lower belly. The tail is pure white and slightly forked. The overall plumage is sleek and reflective under strong light, and the short, straight bill is black.
Female Description:
Females are duller, with bronzy-green upperparts and whitish underparts tinged with pale green on the sides. They also show a white tail with dark central feathers and a black bill with a pale base.
Habitat & Behavior:
This species inhabits lower montane and foothill forests. It is most active at forest edges and clearings, especially where flowering shrubs or trees are abundant. Males are territorial, often chasing other hummingbirds from favored flowers. They feed on nectar but also take small insects mid-air.
Conservation Note:
Though its range is limited, the White-tailed Emerald remains common within suitable habitats in southern Costa Rica and western Panama. Continued forest conservation is essential, as its elevation range overlaps with regions vulnerable to deforestation and development.
