Tourmaline Sunangel

Colombia

Jul 17

Tourmaline Sunangel (Heliangelus exortis)

Name Origin:
The genus Heliangelus combines Greek helios (sun) and angelos (messenger), referring to the sunburst-like gorget many species display. The species name exortis is Latin for “arising” or “emerging,” likely referencing its bold, iridescent plumage.

Quick Facts

🪶 Length: 9–10 cm (3.5–3.9 in)
⚖️ Weight: 4.0–5.0 g (0.14–0.18 oz)
🌎 Range: Andes of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador
🧭 Elevation: 2,300–3,400 m (7,550–11,150 ft)
🌸 Diet: Nectar and small arthropods
🏡 Habitat: Humid montane forest and elfin forest, especially near edges and clearings
🧬 Clade: Lesbiini – “Coquettes”
📊 Status: Least Concern (IUCN 2024)

Subspecies & Distribution
Monotypic – no recognized subspecies.

Species Overview
The Tourmaline Sunangel is a striking mid- to high-elevation hummingbird, known for its glittering violet crown and gorget, contrasting sharply with a black face and greenish back. It frequents mossy cloud forest edges, where it defends territories around flowering shrubs and small trees. This species is a common sight in protected Andean habitats and is often one of the most aggressive hummingbirds at feeders or nectar-rich areas.

Male Description:
Males exhibit a vivid, iridescent violet-blue gorget and crown, blackish face and upper breast, with bronzy-green upperparts and dark underparts. The tail is forked and slightly notched, appearing dark with pale tips.

Female Description:
Similar in structure, but with less iridescence. Females may have a smaller or duller gorget, and often show more grayish underparts with hints of rufous on the flanks.

Habitat & Behavior:
Found along the edges of humid cloud forest, especially at middle to upper elevations. Strongly territorial, this species frequently chases intruders from favorite feeding perches. It feeds on nectar from small tubular flowers and supplements its diet with aerial insects. Often vocal, emitting high-pitched chips and chatters while foraging or defending its territory.

Conservation Note:
Widespread and locally common in its range. While some habitats are threatened by deforestation and agriculture, many strongholds remain in national parks and reserves across Colombia and Ecuador. Continued conservation of high-elevation forest is essential for maintaining healthy populations.